L0 · Interop and app-chainsScoped
LayerZero v2
Messages are verified by the DVNs each app chooses and delivered by executors. We configure the security stack per route and test the failure cases.
Toolchain: Solidity
L0 · Interop and app-chainsScoped
Chainlink CCIP
Token and message transfers between supported chains, with rate limits set per lane. We integrate senders and receivers and handle failed deliveries.
Toolchain: Solidity
L0 · Interop and app-chainsDelivered
Wormhole
Messages are attested by Wormhole's Guardian network; Native Token Transfers move tokens without wrapped copies.
Toolchain: Solidity · Rust
L0 · Interop and app-chainsDelivered
Axelar
General Message Passing for contract calls across chains, and the Interchain Token Service for tokens.
Toolchain: Solidity
L0 · Interop and app-chainsDelivered
Cosmos SDK / IBC
App-specific chains written in Go on CometBFT consensus, talking to each other over IBC.
Toolchain: Go
L1 · Base layersShipped
Ethereum
The settlement layer for most EVM rollups. We have shipped and verified contracts on its Sepolia testnet, built and tested with Foundry.
Toolchain: Solidity · Foundry · Solady
EWMA volatility dynamic fee hook ↗
L1 · Base layersDelivered
Solana
Programs written in Rust with Anchor. Proof of History orders transactions; Tower BFT is the consensus mechanism.
Toolchain: Rust · Anchor
L1 · Base layersDelivered
BNB Chain
EVM-compatible, so Solidity contracts and Foundry tooling carry over with chain-specific configuration.
Toolchain: Solidity
L1 · Base layersDelivered
Polygon PoS
An EVM chain with low fees and its own validator set, checkpointed to Ethereum. Solidity contracts deploy with few changes.
Toolchain: Solidity
L1 · Base layersDelivered
TRON
Solidity contracts on the TRON Virtual Machine, which differs from the EVM in its fee model (energy and bandwidth) and address format.
Toolchain: Solidity (TVM)
L1 · Base layersScoped
Avalanche L1s
Sovereign chains, formerly called Subnets, each with its own validator set and EVM configuration.
Toolchain: Solidity
L1 · Base layersDelivered
Polkadot & Substrate
Chains built with the Polkadot SDK in Rust, using XCM for cross-consensus messages and coretime for blockspace.
Toolchain: Rust
L1 · Base layersScoped
Cardano
Validators on the eUTXO model, written in Aiken or Plutus. We start with a discovery phase.
Toolchain: Aiken · Plutus
L2 · RollupsShipped
OP Stack
The framework behind Base and many other L2s. We have built and published a working OP Stack demo network.
Toolchain: Solidity · Go
OP Stack demo network ↗
L2 · RollupsDelivered
Base
An OP Stack rollup; Solidity contracts deploy with Base-specific gas and bridge settings.
Toolchain: Solidity
L2 · RollupsScoped
Mantle
An EVM L2; contracts deploy with Foundry and chain-specific gas settings.
Toolchain: Solidity
L2 · RollupsScoped
Scroll
A zkEVM rollup that runs EVM bytecode. Contracts still need the same testing and audit as on Ethereum.
Toolchain: Solidity
L2 · RollupsScoped
Immutable zkEVM
An EVM chain for games. Players can be shielded from gas when the game sponsors it; gas still exists.
Toolchain: Solidity
L2 · RollupsScoped
Starknet
A validity rollup with contracts written in Cairo. We start with a discovery phase.
Toolchain: Cairo
L3 · App-chains on L2sDelivered
Arbitrum Orbit
Custom chains on Arbitrum Nitro. Stylus adds Rust contracts; BoLD dispute resolution is still in beta for Orbit chains.
Toolchain: Solidity · Rust (Stylus)
L3 · App-chains on L2sScoped
ZK Stack chains
ZKsync's framework for launching ZK chains, which it previously called hyperchains.
Toolchain: Solidity
L3 · App-chains on L2sScoped
Eclipse (SVM)
An Ethereum L2 that runs the Solana VM, so programs are written in Rust with Anchor.
Toolchain: Rust · Anchor
L3 · App-chains on L2sScoped
Dymension RollApps
RollApps built with the Cosmos SDK that settle on the Dymension hub.
Toolchain: Go
Apps · DeFi protocolsShipped
Uniswap v4
Hooks that add custom logic to v4 pools, such as dynamic fees and holder eligibility checks.
Toolchain: Solidity · Foundry
EWMA volatility dynamic fee hook ↗
Apps · DeFi protocolsShipped
Aave v3
Contracts that work with Aave v3 positions, such as swapping a loan's debt or collateral in one transaction.
Toolchain: Solidity · Foundry
Aave v3 loan swapper ↗